【頒布單位】全國人大常委會
【頒布日期】 19940512
【實施日期】 19940701
【內容分類】涉外經濟法
中華人民共和國對外貿易法
１９９４年５月１２日第八屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第七次會議通過
目 錄
第一章 總 則
第二章 對外貿易經營者
第三章 貨物進出口與技術進出口
第四章 國際服務貿易
第五章 對外貿易秩序
第六章 對外貿易促進
第七章 法律責任
第八章 附 則
第一章 總 則
第一條 為了發展對外貿易，維護對外貿易秩序，促進社會主義市場經濟的健康發展，制定本法。
第二條 本法所稱對外貿易，是指貨物進出口、技術進出口和國際服務貿易。
第三條 國務院對外經濟貿易主管部門依照本法主管全國對外貿易工作。
第四條 國家實行統一的對外貿易制度，依法維護公平的、自由的對外貿易秩序。
國家鼓勵發展對外貿易，發揮地方的積極性，保障對外貿易經營者的經營自主權
。
第五條 中華人民共和國根據平等互利的原則，促進和發展同其他國家和地區的貿易關系。
第六條 中華人民共和國在對外貿易方面根據所締結或者參加的國際條約、協定，給予其他締約方、參加方或者根據互惠、對等原則給予對方最惠國待遇、國民待遇。
第七條 任何國家或者地區在貿易方面對中華人民共和國采取歧視性的禁止、限制或者其他類似措施的，中華人民共和國可以根據實際情況對該國家或者該地區采取相應的措施。
第二章 對外貿易經營者
第八條 本法所稱對外貿易經營者，是指依照本法規定從事對外貿易經營活動的法人和其他組織。
第九條 從事貨物進出口與技術進出口的對外貿易經營，必須具備下列條件，經國務院對外經濟貿易主管部門許可：
（一）有自己的名稱和組織機構；
（二）有明確的對外貿易經營范圍；
（三）具有其經營的對外貿易業務所必需的場所、資金和專業人員；
（四）委托他人辦理進出口業務達到規定的實績或者具有必需的進出口貨源；
（五）法律、行政法規規定的其他條件。
前款規定的實施辦法由國務院規定。
外商投資企業依照有關外商投資企業的法律、行政法規的規定，進口企業自用的非生產物品，進口企業生產所需的設備、原材料和其他物資，出口其生產的產品，免予辦理第一款規定的許可。
第十條 國際服務貿易企業和組織的設立及其經營活動，應當遵守本法和其他有關法律、行政法規的規定。
第十一條 對外貿易經營者依法自主經營、自負盈虧。
第十二條 對外貿易經營者從事對外貿易經營活動，應當信守合同，保證商品質量，完善售后服務。
第十三條 沒有對外貿易經營許可的組織或者個人，可以在國內委托對外貿易經營者在其經營范圍內代為辦理其對外貿易業務。
接受委托的對外貿易經營者應當向委托方如實提供市場行情、商品價格、客戶情況等有關的經營信息。委托方與被委托方應當簽訂委托合同，雙方的權利義務由合同約定。
第十四條 對外貿易經營者應當按照國務院對外經濟貿易主管部門的規定，向有關部門提交與其對外貿易經營活動有關的文件及資料。有關部門應當為提供者保守商業秘密。
第三章 貨物進出口與技術進出口
第十五條 國家準許貨物與技術的自由進出口。但是，法律、行政法規另有規定的除外。
第十六條 屬于下列情形之一的貨物、技術，國家可以限制進口或者出口：
（一）為維護國家安全或者社會公共利益，需要限制進口或者出口的；
（二）國內供應短缺或者為有效保護可能用竭的國內資源，需要限制出口的；
（三）輸往國家或者地區的市場容量有限，需要限制出口的；
（四）為建立或者加快建立國內特定產業，需要限制進口的；
（五）對任何形式的農業、牧業、漁業產品有必要限制進口的；
（六）為保障國家國際金融地位和國際收支平衡，需要限制進口的；
（七）根據中華人民共和國所締結或者參加的國際條約、協定的規定，需要限制進口或者出口的。
第十七條 屬于下列情形之一的貨物、技術，國家禁止進口或者出口：
（一）危害國家安全或者社會公共利益的；
（二）為保護人的生命或者健康，必須禁止進口或者出口的；
（三）破壞生態環境的；
（四）根據中華人民共和國所締結或者參加的國際條約、協定的規定，需要禁止進口或者出口的。
第十八條 國務院對外經濟貿易主管部門應當會同國務院有關部門，依照本法第十六條、第十七條的規定，制定、調整并公布限制或者禁止進出口的貨物、技術目錄。
國務院對外經濟貿易主管部門或者由其會同國務院有關部門，經國務院批準，可以在本法第十六條、第十七條規定的范圍內，臨時決定限制或者禁止前款規定目錄以外的特定貨物、技術的進口或者出口。
第十九條 對限制進口或者出口的貨物，實行配額或者許可證管理；對限制進口或者出口的技術，實行許可證管理。實行配額或者許可證管理的貨物、技術，必須依照國務院規定經國務院對外經濟貿易主管部門或者由其會同國務院有關部門許可，方可進口或者出口。
第二十條 進出口貨物配額，由國務院對外經濟貿易主管部門或者國務院有關部門在各自的職責范圍內，根據申請者的進出口實績、能力等條件，按照效益、公正、公開和公平競爭的原則進行分配。配額的分配方式和辦法由國務院規定。
第二十一條 對文物、野生動植物及其產品等貨物、物品，其他法律、行政法規有禁止進出口或者限制進出口規定的，依照有關法律、行政法規的規定辦理。
第四章 國際服務貿易
第二十二條 國家促進國際服務貿易的逐步發展。
第二十三條 中華人民共和國在國際服務貿易方面根據所締結或者參加的國際條約、協定中所作的承諾，給予其他締約方、參加方市場準入和國民待遇。
第二十四條 國家基于下列原因之一，可以限制國際服務貿易：
（一）為維護國家安全或者社會公共利益；
（二）為保護生態環境；
（三）為建立或者加快建立國內特定的服務行業；
（四）為保障國家外匯收支平衡；
（五）法律、行政法規規定的其他限制。
第二十五條 屬于下列情形之一的國際服務貿易，國家予以禁止：
（一）危害國家安全或者社會公共利益的；
（二）違反中華人民共和國承擔的國際義務的；
（三）法律、行政法規規定禁止的。
第二十六條 國務院對外經濟貿易主管部門和國務院有關部門，依照本法和其他有關法律、行政法規，對國際服務貿易進行管理。 第五章 對外貿易秩序
第二十七條 對外貿易經營者在對外貿易經營活動中，應當依法經營，公平競爭，不得有下列行為：
（一）偽造、變造或者買賣進出口原產地證明、進出口許可證；
（二）侵害中華人民共和國法律保護的知識產權；
（三）以不正當競爭手段排擠競爭對手；
（四）騙取國家的出口退稅；
（五）違反法律、行政法規規定的其他行為。
第二十八條 對外貿易經營者在對外貿易經營活動中，應當依照國家有關規定結匯、用匯。
第二十九條 因進口產品數量增加，使國內相同產品或者與其直接競爭的產品的生產者受到嚴重損害或者嚴重損害的威脅時，國家可以采取必要的保障措施，消除或者減輕這種損害或者損害的威脅。
第三十條 產品以低于正常價值的方式進口，并由此對國內已建立的相關產業造成實質損害或者產生實質損害的威脅，或者對國內建立相關產業造成實質阻礙時，國家可以采取必要措施，消除或者減輕這種損害或者損害的威脅或者阻礙。
第三十一條 進口的產品直接或者間接地接受出口國給予的任何形式的補貼，并由此對國內已建立的相關產業造成實質損害或者產生實質損害的威脅，或者對國內建立相關產業造成實質阻礙時，國家可以采取必要措施，消除或者減輕這種損害或者損害的威脅或者阻礙。
第三十二條 發生第二十九條、第三十條、第三十一條規定的情況時，國務院規定的部門或者機構應當依照法律、行政法規的規定進行調查，作出處理。
第六章 對外貿易促進
第三十三條 國家根據對外貿易發展的需要，建立和完善為對外貿易服務的金融機構，設立對外貿易發展基金、風險基金。
第三十四條 國家采取進出口信貸、出口退稅及其他對外貿易促進措施，發展對外貿易。
第三十五條 對外貿易經營者可以依法成立和參加進出口商會。進出口商會應當遵守法律、行政法規，依照章程對其會員的對外貿易經營活動進行
協調指導，提供咨詢服務，向政府有關部門反映會員有關對外貿易促進方面的建議，并積極開展對外貿易促進活動。
第三十六條 中國國際貿易促進組織依照章程開展對外聯系，舉辦展覽，提供信息、咨詢服務和其他對外貿易促進活動。
第三十七條 國家扶持和促進民族自治地方和經濟不發達地區發展對外貿易。
第七章 法律責任
第三十八條 走私禁止進出口或者限制進出口的貨物，構成犯罪的，依照懲治走私罪的補充規定追究刑事責任；不構成犯罪的，依照海關法的規定處罰。國務院對外經濟貿易主管部門并可以撤銷其對外貿易經營許可。
第三十九條 偽造、變造進出口原產地證明、進出口許可證，依照刑法第一百六十七條的規定追究刑事責任；買賣進出口原產地證明、進出口許可證或者買賣偽造、變造的進出口原產地證明、進出口許可證，比照刑法第一百六十七條的規定追究刑事責任。單位犯前款罪的，判處罰金，并對單位直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依照或者比照刑法第一百六十七條的規定追究刑事責任。國務院對外經濟貿易主管部門并可以撤銷其對外貿易經營許可。
明知是偽造、變造的進出口許可證而用以進口或者出口貨物，依照本法第三十八條的規定處罰。
第四十條 違反本法規定，進口或者出口禁止進出口或者限制進出口的技術，構成犯罪的，比照懲治走私罪的補充規定追究刑事責任。
第四十一條 國家對外貿易工作人員玩忽職守、徇私舞弊或者濫用職權，構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任；不構成犯罪的，給予行政處分。
國家對外貿易工作人員利用職務上的便利，索取他人財物，或者非法收受他人財物為他人謀取利益，構成犯罪的，依照懲治貪污罪賄賂罪的補充規定追究刑事責任；不構成犯罪的，給予行政處分。
第八章 附 則
第四十二條 國家對邊境城鎮與接壤國家邊境城鎮之間的貿易以及邊民互市貿易，采取靈活措施，給予優惠和便利。具體辦法由國務院規定。
第四十三條 中華人民共和國的單獨關稅區不適用本法。
第四十四條 本法自１９９４年７月１日起施行。
FOREIGN TRADE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the 7th Session of the Standing Committee of the 8thNat
ional People's Congress and Promulgated on May 12, 1994)
Whole document
FOREIGN TRADE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Adopted at the 7th Session of the Standing Committee of the 8th
National People's Congress and Promulgated on May 12, 1994)
Chapter I Principles
Article 1
This Law is formulated with a view to developing the foreign trade,
maintaining the foreign trade order and promoting a healthy development of
the socialist market economy.
Article 2
Foreign trade as mentioned in this Law shall cover the import and
export of goods, technologies and the international trade in services.
Article 3
The authority responsible for foreign trade and economic relations
under the State Council is in charge of the administration of the foreign
trade of the entire country pursuant to this Law.
Article 4
The State shall apply the foreign trade system on a uniform basis and
maintain a fair and free foreign trade order in accordance with law.
The State encourages the development of its foreign trade, exercises
the initiative of localities and safeguards the autonomy of business
operation of the foreign trade dealers.
Article 5
The People's Republic of China promotes and develops trade ties with
other countries and regions on the principles of equality and mutual
benefit.
Article 6
The People's Republic of China shall, under international treaties or
agreements to which the People's Republic of China is a contracting party
or a participating party, grant the other contracting parties or
participating parties, or on the principles of mutual advantage and
reciprocity, grant the other party most-favored-nation treatment or
national treatment within the field of foreign trade.
Article 7
In the event that any country or region applies discriminatory
prohibition, restriction or other like measures against the People's
Republic of China in respect of trade, the People's Republic of China may,
as the case may be, take counter-measures against the country or region in
question.
Chapter II Foreign Trade Dealers
Article 8
Foreign trade dealers as mentioned in this Law shall cover the legal
entities and other organizations engaged in foreign trade dealings in
compliance with the provisions of this Law.
Article 9
A foreign trade dealer who intends to engage in the import and export
of goods and technologies shall fulfill the following requirements and
acquire the permit from the authority responsible for foreign trade and
economic relations under the State Council:
1. having its own name and corporate structure;
2. having definite scope of business in foreign trade;
3. having place of business, financial resources and professional
personnel essential to the foreign trade dealings which it intends to
engage in;
4. having a required record of import and export which were effected
on its behalf or having necessary sources of goods for import or export;
5. other requirements provided in relevant laws and administrative
regulations.
The detailed rules for the implementation of the preceding paragraph
are to be laid down by the State Council.
Enterprises with foreign investment shall be exempt from the permit
requirement provided in paragraph 1 with respect to their import of
non-productive articles for their own use, import of equipments and raw
materials and other articles necessary for their production as well as the
export of the products they produce under the relevant provisions of laws
and administrative regulations governing enterprises with foreign
investment.
Article 10
The establishment and operation of enterprises and organizations
engaged in international trade in services shall be in compliance with the
provisions of this Law and other relevant laws and administrative
regulations.
Article 11
Foreign trade dealers shall enjoy full autonomy in their business
operation and be responsible for their own profits and losses in
accordance with law.
Article 12
In foreign trade activities foreign trade dealers should honor their
contracts, ensure the quality of the commodity and perfect the after-sale
services.
Article 13
Any organization or individual without foreign trade operation permit
may entrust a foreign trade dealer located in China as its agent to
conduct its foreign trade business within the business scope of the
latter.
The entrusted foreign trade dealer shall provide the principal with
actual business information such as market situation, commodity prices and
client position. The agent and the principal shall conclude and sign an
agency agreement, in which the rights and obligations of both parties
should be specified.
Article 14
Foreign trade dealers are obligated to provide documents and
information in relation to their foreign trade dealings to the relevant
authorities pursuant to the regulations of the authority responsible for
foreign trade and economic relations under the State Council. The relevant
authorities shall not disclose the business proprietary information
provided by the dealers.
Chapter III Import and Export of Goods and Technologies
Article 15
The State allows free import and export of goods and technologies
except where laws or administrative regulations provided otherwise.
Article 16
The State may impose restrictions on the import or export of goods and
technologies in any of the following circumstances:
(1) where the import or export shall be restricted in order to
safeguard the national security or public interest;
(2) where the export shall be restricted on account of domestic
shortage in supply or effective protection of exhaustible domestic
resources;
(3) where the export shall be restricted due to the limited market
capacity of the importing country or region;
(4) where the import shall be restricted in order to establish or
accelerate the establishment of a particular domestic industry;
(5) where the restriction on the import of agricultural, animal
husbandry or fishery products in any form is necessary;
(6) where the import shall be restricted in order to maintain the
State's international financial status and the balance of international
payments.
(7) where, as the international treaties or agreements to which the
People's Republic of China is a contracting party or a participating party
require, the import or export shall be restricted.
Article 17
The State prohibits the import or export of any goods or technologies
in any of the following circumstances:
(1) where such goods or technologies will endanger national security
or public interest;
(2) where the import or export of such goods or technologies must be
prohibited in order to protect human life or health;
(3) where such goods or technologies will disrupt the ecological
environment;
(4) where the import or export of such goods or technologies shall be
prohibited in accordance with the provisions of international treaties or
agreements to which the People's Republic of China is a contracting party
or participating party.
Article 18
The authority responsible for foreign trade and economic relations
under the State Council shall, in collaboration with the relevant
authorities under the State Council and in accordance with the provisions
of Article 16 and Article 17 of this Law, formulate, adjust and publish
the list of goods and technologies whose import or export are subject to
restrictions or prohibitions.
Upon the approval of the State Council the authority responsible for
foreign trade and economic relations under the State Council may, within
the framework of Article 16 and Article 17, independently or in
collaboration with the relevant authorities under the State Council
determine, on a temporary basis, to impose restriction or prohibition on
the import or export of particular goods or technologies not included in
the list mentioned in the preceding paragraph.
Article 19
Goods whose import or export is restricted shall be subject to quota
and/or licensing control; technologies whose import or export is
restricted shall be subject to licensing control.
Import or export of any goods and technologies subject to quota and/or
licensing control will be effected only with the approval of the
authorities responsible for foreign trade and economic relations under the
State Council or the joint approval of the foregoing authorities and other
authorities concerned under the State Council in compliance with the
provisions of the State Council.
Article 20
Import and export quotas of goods shall be distributed on the basis of
the conditions including but not limited to the actual import or export
performance and capability of the applicants in foreign trade dealings and
on the basis of the principles of efficiency, impartiality, transparency
and fair competition by the authority responsible for foreign trade and
economic relations under the State Council or the relevant authorities
under the State Council within their respective responsibilities.
The ways and means of the distribution of quotas are to be regulated
by the State Council.
Article 21
Where the import or export of goods, articles such as cultural
relics, wildlife animals, plants and the products thereof are prohibited
or restricted by other laws or administrative regulations, the provisions
of the laws and regulations in question shall be observed.
Chapter IV International Trade in Services
Article 22
The State promotes the progressive development of the international
trade in services.
Article 23
With respect to international trade in services, the People's Republic
of China, pursuant to the commitments made in international treaties or
agreements to which the People's Republic of China is a contracting party
or a participating party, grants the other contracting parties and
participating parties market access and national treatment.
Article 24
The State may restrict international trade in services on the basis of
any of the following considerations:
1. in order to safeguard the national security or public interest;
2. in order to protect the ecological environment;
3. in order to establish or accelerate the establishment of a
particular domestic service industry;
4. in order to maintain the State's balance of international payments;
5. other restrictions provided in relevant laws and administrative
regulations.
Article 25
The State prohibits any international trade in services which:
1. may endanger national security or public interest;
2. is contrary to the international obligations undertaken by the
People's Republic of China;
3. is prohibited by relevant laws and administrative regulations.
Article 26
The authority responsible for foreign trade and economic relations
under the State Council and the relevant authorities under the State
Council are responsible for the administration of international trade in
services in accordance with this Law and other relevant laws and
administrative regulations.
Chapter V Foreign Trade Order
Article 27
In foreign trade activities, foreign trade dealers shall operate their
business in accordance with law and abide by the principle of fair
competition and are prohibited from the following acts:
(1) forgery, distortion or trading of certificates of country of
origin and import or export licenses;
(2) infringement on the intellectual property rights protected by the
laws of the People's Republic of China;
(3) squeezing out competitors with undue conducts of competition;
(4) defrauding the State of the refunded tax on exports;
(5) other acts contrary to the provisions of laws and administrative
regulations.
Article 28
In foreign trade activities, foreign trade dealers shall settle and
use foreign exchanges in accordance with relevant regulations of the
State.
Article 29
Where a product is imported in such increased quantities as to cause
or threaten to cause serious injury to domestic producers of like or
directly competitive products, the State may take necessary safeguard
measures to remove or ease such injury or threat of injury.
Article 30
Where a product is imported at less than normal value of the product
and causes or threatens to cause material injury to an established
domestic industry concerned, or materially retards the establishment of a
particular domestic industry, the State may take necessary measures in
order to remove or ease such injury or threat of injury or retardation.
Article 31
Where an imported product is subsidized in any form directly or
indirectly by the country of export and causes or threatens to cause
material injury to an established domestic industry concerned or
materially retards the establishment of a domestic industry, the State may
take necessary measures in order to remove or ease such injury or threat
of injury or retardation.
Article 32
In the events referred to in Article 29, Article 30 and Article 31,
the authority or agency designated by the State Council shall conduct
investigations and make determinations in accordance with relevant laws
and administrative regulations.
Chapter VI Promotion of Foreign Trade
Article 33
The State shall establish and improve financial institutions for
foreign trade and establish funds for foreign trade development and risk
as the development of foreign trade requires.
Article 34
The State may take import and export credit, export tax refund and
other foreign trade promotion measures for the purpose of the development
of foreign trade.
Article 35
Foreign trade dealers may establish or join Chambers of Commerce for
Importers and Exporters in accordance with law.
Chambers of Commerce for Importers and Exporters shall abide by
relevant laws and administrative regulations, coordinate and guide the
foreign trade activities of their members under their Articles of
Association, provide advisory services, report to the relevant authorities
of the Government the suggestions of their members with respect to foreign
trade promotion, and actively promote foreign trade.
Article 36
The international trade promotion organization of China shall, in
accordance with its Articles of Association, engage in development of
foreign trade relations, sponsor exhibitions, provide information and
advisory services and carry out other foreign trade promotive activities.
Article 37
The State shall support and promote the development of foreign trade
in national autonomous areas and economically under-developed areas.
Chapter VII Legal Liabilities
Article 38
Anyone who smuggles goods that are subject to import or export
prohibitions or restrictions, and hereby commits criminal offenses, shall
be subject to criminal prosecution pursuant to the Supplementary Decision
on the Punishment of Smuggling Crimes. Those offenses of smuggling which
do not constitute crimes shall be subject to sanctions under the
provisions of the Customs Law. In addition, the authority responsible for
foreign trade and economic relations under the State Council may withdraw
the foreign trade operation permit of the offender in question.
Article 39
Anyone who commits forgery distortion of certificates of country of
origin or license for import or export shall be subject to criminal
prosecution under Article 167 of the Criminal Law. Anyone who commits
trading of certificates of country of origin or license for import or
export or trading of forged or distorted certificates of country of origin
or license for import or export shall be subject to criminal prosecution
in the light of Article 167 of the Criminal Law.
Where the criminal offenses referred to in the preceding paragraph are
committed by an entity, the entity in question shall be imposed fine while
the persons in charge of the entity directly responsible for the offenses
and other persons directly responsible for the offenses shall be subject
to criminal prosecutions in accordance with or in the light of Article 167
of the Criminal Law. In addition, the authority responsible for foreign
trade and economic relations under the State Council may withdraw the
foreign trade operation permit of the entity in question.
Anyone who knowingly uses forged or distorted import or export license
in importing or exporting goods shall be imposed sanctions in accordance
with the provisions of Article 38 of this Law.
Article 40
Anyone who imports or exports technologies that are subject to import
or export prohibitions or restrictions in violation of this Law and
commits criminal offenses, shall be subject to criminal prosecutions in
the light of the Supplementary Decision on the Punishment of Smuggling
Crime.
Article 41
Personnel serving in the State's foreign trade authorities who commit
any neglect of duty, malpractice, irregularities or abuse of power, which
constitute criminal offenses, shall be subject to criminal prosecutions
pursuant to law; as to those offenses which do not constitute crimes,
administrative sanctions shall apply.
Personnel serving in the State's foreign trade authorities who extort
property from others with job convenience or illegally accept others'
property and seek advantages for them in return and thus commit criminal
offenses shall be subject to criminal prosecutions in accordance with the
Supplementary Decision on the Punishment of Embezzlement and Bribery
Crimes; where such conducts do not constitute criminal offenses,
administrative sanctions shall apply.
Chapter VIII Final Provisions
Article 42
The State applies flexible measures, provides favorable conditions
and conveniences to the trade between the towns on the frontier and those
towns of neighboring countries on frontier as well as trade among border
residents. Detailed rules are to be laid down by the State Council.
Article 43
This Law shall not apply to the separate customs territories of the
People's Republic of China.
Article 44
This Law shall enter into force as of July 1, 1994. |
